split backend into a file for each contained aspect

src/main/jastadd/backend/API.jadd

+aspect BackendAPI {
+  public void Relation.generateAPI(StringBuilder sb) {
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "// " + prettyPrint() + "\n");
+    getDirection().generateAPI(sb);
+    sb.append("\n");
+  }
+  public abstract void Direction.generateAPI(StringBuilder sb);
+
+
+  inh Relation Direction.relation();
+  eq Relation.getChild().relation() = this;
+  eq Program.getChild().relation() = null;
+
+  public String RelationComponent.nameCapitalized() {
+    return name().substring(0,1).toUpperCase() + name().substring(1);
+  }
+}

src/main/jastadd/backend/AbstractGrammar.jadd

+aspect BackendAbstractGrammar {
+
+  public static String ASTNode.listClass = "ArrayList";
+  public static String ASTNode.jastAddListType = "List";
+
+  public static boolean ASTNode.resolverHelper = false;
+  public static boolean ASTNode.serializer = false;
+  public static boolean ASTNode.jsonPointer = false;
+  public static boolean ASTNode.manualReferences = false;
+  public static boolean ASTNode.useJastAddNames = false;
+
+  public String Program.generateAbstractGrammar() {
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    generateAbstractGrammar(sb);
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+
+  public void Program.generateAbstractGrammar(StringBuilder sb) {
+    for (TypeDecl td: getTypeDecls()) {
+      td.generateAbstractGrammar(sb);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void TypeDecl.generateUnresolvedClass(StringBuilder sb) {
+    if (getAbstract()) {
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "abstract ");
+    } else {
+      sb.append(ind(1));
+    }
+    sb.append("class " + "Unresolved$" + getID() + " extends " + getID() + "  implements Unresolved$Node {\n");
+
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "private String unresolved$Token;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "public String getUnresolved$Token() {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "return unresolved$Token;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "void setUnresolved$Token(String token) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "this.unresolved$Token = token;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "private boolean unresolved$ResolveOpposite;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "public boolean getUnresolved$ResolveOpposite() {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "return unresolved$ResolveOpposite;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "void setUnresolved$ResolveOpposite(boolean resolveOpposite) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "this.unresolved$ResolveOpposite = resolveOpposite;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "Unresolved$Node " + getID() + ".as$Unresolved() {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "return null;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "Unresolved$Node Unresolved$" + getID() + ".as$Unresolved() {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "return this;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "boolean " + getID() + ".is$Unresolved() {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "return false;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "boolean Unresolved$" + getID() + ".is$Unresolved() {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "return true;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+  }
+
+  public void TypeDecl.generateAbstractGrammar(StringBuilder sb) {
+    if (getAbstract()) {
+      sb.append("abstract ");
+    }
+    sb.append(getID());
+    if (hasSuper()) {
+      sb.append(" : " + getSuper());
+    }
+
+    if (getNumComponent() > 0 || relationComponents().size() > 0) {
+      sb.append(" ::=");
+    }
+    for (Component c: getComponents()) {
+      sb.append(" ");
+      sb.append(c.generateAbstractGrammar());
+    }
+    for (RelationComponent c: relationComponents()) {
+      sb.append(" ");
+      sb.append(c.generateAbstractGrammar());
+    }
+
+    sb.append(";\n");
+  }
+
+  public String Component.generateAbstractGrammar() {
+    if (getID().equals(getTypeUse().toString())) {
+      return getTypeUse().toString();
+    } else {
+      return getID() + ":" + getTypeUse();
+    }
+  }
+  public String ListComponent.generateAbstractGrammar() {
+    return super.generateAbstractGrammar() + "*";
+  }
+  public String OptComponent.generateAbstractGrammar() {
+    return "[" + super.generateAbstractGrammar() + "]";
+  }
+  public String NTAComponent.generateAbstractGrammar() {
+    return "/" + super.generateAbstractGrammar() + "/";
+  }
+  public String NTAListComponent.generateAbstractGrammar() {
+    return "/" + super.generateAbstractGrammar() + "*/";
+  }
+  public String NTAOptComponent.generateAbstractGrammar() {
+    return "/[" + super.generateAbstractGrammar() + "]/";
+  }
+  public String TokenComponent.generateAbstractGrammar() {
+    return "<" + getID() + ":" + getTypeUse() + ">";
+  }
+  public String NTATokenComponent.generateAbstractGrammar() {
+    return "/<" + getID() + ":" + getTypeUse() + ">/";
+  }
+
+  public String RelationComponent.generateAbstractGrammar() {
+    return "<" + getImplAttributeName() + ":" + ofTypeDecl() + ">";
+  }
+  public String ManyRelationComponent.generateAbstractGrammar() {
+    return "<" + getImplAttributeName() + ":" + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + ofTypeDecl() + ">>";
+  }
+
+  public String RelationComponent.getImplAttributeName() {
+    return "_impl_" + getID();
+  }
+
+  public String RelationComponent.getImplAttributeField() {
+    //  tt.bind("TypeInSignature", ASTNode.convTypeNameToSignature(type()));
+    return "token" + ofTypeDecl() + "__impl_" + getID();
+  }
+
+  public String ManyRelationComponent.getImplAttributeField() {
+    //  tt.bind("TypeInSignature", ASTNode.convTypeNameToSignature(type()));
+    return "token" + listClass + "_" + ofTypeDecl() + "___impl_" + getID();
+  }
+}

src/main/jastadd/backend/Backend.jadd

+aspect BackendAspect {
+  public String Program.generateAspect() {
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    generateAspect(sb);
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+
+  public void Program.generateAspect(StringBuilder sb) {
+    sb.append("import java.util.ArrayList;\n");
+    sb.append("import java.util.Collections;\n");
+    sb.append("import java.time.Instant;\n");
+    sb.append("import java.time.Period;\n");
+    sb.append("aspect RelAstAPI {\n");
+
+    for (TypeDecl td: getTypeDecls()) {
+      if (td.needsConstructor()) {
+        td.generateConstructor(sb);
+      }
+    }
+    for (Relation r: getRelations()) {
+      r.generateAPI(sb);
+    }
+
+    generateLowerBoundCheck(sb);
+
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public static void ASTNode.assertNotNull(Object obj) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "if (obj == null) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "throw new NullPointerException();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+    sb.append("}\n");
+  }
+
+  public void TypeDecl.generateConstructor(StringBuilder sb) {
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public " + getID() + "." + getID() + "(");
+    int i = 0;
+    for (Component c: componentsTransitive()) {
+      sb.append(c.constructorParameter());
+      if (++i < componentsTransitive().size()) {
+        sb.append(", ");
+      }
+    }
+    sb.append(") {\n");
+    for (Component c: componentsTransitive()) {
+      sb.append(ind(2) + c.constructorSetMethod() + "(" + c.getID() + ");\n");
+    }
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+  }
+  public String Component.constructorParameter() {
+    return getTypeUse() + " " + getID();
+  }
+  public String ListComponent.constructorParameter() {
+    return ASTNode.jastAddListType + "<" + getTypeUse() + "> " + getID();
+  }
+  public String OptComponent.constructorParameter() {
+    return "Opt<" + getTypeUse() + "> " + getID();
+  }
+  public String Component.constructorSetMethod() {
+    return "set" + getID();
+  }
+  public String ListComponent.constructorSetMethod() {
+    return "set" + getID() + "List";
+  }
+  public String OptComponent.constructorSetMethod() {
+    return "set" + getID() + "Opt";
+  }
+}

src/main/jastadd/backend/BidirectionalAPI.jadd

+aspect BackendBidirectionalAPI {
+  public void Bidirectional.generateAPI(StringBuilder sb) {
+    RelationComponent l = relation().getLeft();
+    RelationComponent r = relation().getRight();
+
+    if (l.multiplicityOne()) {
+      if (r.multiplicityOne()) {
+        l.generateBiOneOne(sb, false);
+        r.generateBiOneOne(sb, false);
+      } else if (r.multiplicityOpt()) {
+        l.generateBiOneOne(sb, false);
+        r.generateBiOneOne(sb, true);
+      } else if (r.multiplicityMany()) {
+        l.generateBiOneMany(sb, false);
+        r.generateBiManyOne(sb, l);
+      }
+    } else if (l.multiplicityOpt()) {
+      if (r.multiplicityOne()) {
+        l.generateBiOneOne(sb, true);
+        r.generateBiOneOne(sb, false);
+      } else if (r.multiplicityOpt()) {
+        l.generateBiOneOne(sb, true);
+        r.generateBiOneOne(sb, true);
+      } else if (r.multiplicityMany()) {
+        l.generateBiOneMany(sb, true);
+        r.generateBiManyOne(sb, l);
+      }
+    } else if (l.multiplicityMany()) {
+      if (r.multiplicityOne()) {
+        l.generateBiManyOne(sb, r);
+        r.generateBiOneMany(sb, false);
+      } else if (r.multiplicityOpt()) {
+        l.generateBiManyOne(sb, r);
+        r.generateBiOneMany(sb, true);
+      } else if (r.multiplicityMany()) {
+        l.generateBiManyMany(sb, r);
+        r.generateBiManyMany(sb, l);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void RelationComponent.generateBiOneOne(StringBuilder sb, boolean isOpt) {
+    // Get
+    generateGetOne(sb);
+
+    // Set
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public " + getTypeUse().decl() + " " + getTypeUse().decl());
+    sb.append(".set" + nameCapitalized() + "(" + ofTypeDecl() + " o) {\n");
+    if (!isOpt) {
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "assertNotNull(o);\n");
+    }
+    // unset the old opposite
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "if (" + getImplAttributeField() + " != null) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "" + getImplAttributeField() + ".set" + otherSide().getImplAttributeName() + "(null);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    if (resolverHelper | serializer) {
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "if (o != null && !o.is$Unresolved() && o." + otherSide().getImplAttributeField() + " != null) {\n");
+    } else {
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "if (o != null && o." + otherSide().getImplAttributeField() + " != null) {\n");
+    }
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "o." + otherSide().getImplAttributeField() + ".set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(null);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(o);\n");
+    if (resolverHelper | serializer) {
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "if (o == null || !o.is$Unresolved()) {\n");
+      if (isOpt) {
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "if (o != null) {\n");
+        sb.append(ind(4) + "o.set" + otherSide().getImplAttributeName() + "(this);\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "}\n");
+      } else {
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "o.set" + otherSide().getImplAttributeName() + "(this);\n");
+      }
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    } else {
+      if (isOpt) {
+        sb.append(ind(2) + "if (o != null) {\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "o.set" + otherSide().getImplAttributeName() + "(this);\n");
+        sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+      } else {
+        sb.append(ind(2) + "o.set" + otherSide().getImplAttributeName() + "(this);\n");
+      }
+    }
+
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "return this;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+    if (isOpt) {
+      generateExtraOptAPI(sb);
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void RelationComponent.generateBiManyMany(StringBuilder sb, RelationComponent opposite) {
+    // Get
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public java.util.List<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".");
+    if (useJastAddNames) {
+      // getXs
+      sb.append("get" + nameCapitalized() + "s() {\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "return get" + nameCapitalized() + "List();\n");
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+      // getXList
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "public java.util.List<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> " + getTypeUse().decl());
+      sb.append(".get" + nameCapitalized() + "List() {\n");
+    } else {
+      sb.append(name() + "() {\n");
+    }
+    sb.append(ind(2) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> l = get" + getImplAttributeName() + "();\n");
+    // resolve the entire list
+    if (resolverHelper | serializer) {
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "if (l != null) {\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "boolean changed = false;\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "for (int i = 0; i < l.size(); i++) {\n");
+          sb.append(ind(4) + ofTypeDecl() + " element = l.get(i);\n");
+          sb.append(ind(4) + "if (element.is$Unresolved()) {\n");
+            sb.append(ind(5) + "changed = true;\n");
+            sb.append(ind(5) + ofTypeDecl() + " resolvedElement = resolve" + nameCapitalized() + "ByToken(element.as$Unresolved().getUnresolved$Token(), i);\n");
+            sb.append(ind(5) + "if (resolvedElement != null && element.as$Unresolved().getUnresolved$ResolveOpposite()) {\n");
+              sb.append(ind(6) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + getTypeUse().decl() + "> otherList = resolvedElement." + opposite.getImplAttributeField() + ";\n");
+              sb.append(ind(6) + "if (otherList == null) {\n");
+                sb.append(ind(7) + "otherList = new " + listClass + "<>();\n");
+              sb.append(ind(6) + "}\n");
+              sb.append(ind(6) + "otherList.add(this);\n");
+              sb.append(ind(6) + "resolvedElement.set" + opposite.getImplAttributeName() + "(otherList);\n");
+            sb.append(ind(5) + "}\n");
+            sb.append(ind(5) + "l.set(i, resolvedElement);\n");
+          sb.append(ind(4) + "}\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "}\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "if (changed) {\n");
+          sb.append(ind(4) + "set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(l);\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "}\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    }
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "return l != null ? Collections.unmodifiableList(l) : Collections.emptyList();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+    // Add
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public void " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".add");
+    if (!useJastAddNames) {
+      sb.append("To");
+    }
+    sb.append(nameCapitalized() + "(" + ofTypeDecl() + " o) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "assertNotNull(o);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> list = " + getImplAttributeField() + ";\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "if (list == null) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "list = new " + ASTNode.listClass + "<>();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + otherSide().ofTypeDecl() + "> list2 = o." + otherSide().getImplAttributeField() + ";\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "if (list2 == null) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "list2 = new "+ ASTNode.listClass + "<>();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "list.add(o);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "list2.add(this);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(list);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "o.set" + otherSide().getImplAttributeName() + "(list2);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+    // Insert / add at specific position
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public void " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".add");
+    if (!useJastAddNames) {
+      sb.append("To");
+    }
+    sb.append(nameCapitalized() + "(int index, " + ofTypeDecl() + " o) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "assertNotNull(o);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> list = " + getImplAttributeField() + ";\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "if (list == null) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "list = new " + ASTNode.listClass + "<>();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + otherSide().ofTypeDecl() + "> list2 = o."
+    + otherSide().getImplAttributeField() + ";\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "if (list2 == null) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "list2 = new "+ ASTNode.listClass + "<>();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "list.add(index, o);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "list2.add(this);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(list);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "o.set" + otherSide().getImplAttributeName() + "(list2);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+    // Remove
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public void " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".remove");
+    if (!useJastAddNames) {
+      sb.append("From");
+    }
+    sb.append(nameCapitalized() + "(" + ofTypeDecl() + " o) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "assertNotNull(o);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> list = " + getImplAttributeField() + ";\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "if (list != null && list.remove(o)) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + otherSide().ofTypeDecl() + "> list2 = o."
+      + otherSide().getImplAttributeField() + ";\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "if (list2 != null) list2.remove(this);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(list);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "o.set" + otherSide().getImplAttributeName() + "(list2);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+  }
+
+
+  public void RelationComponent.generateBiManyOne(StringBuilder sb, RelationComponent opposite) {
+    // Get
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public java.util.List<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".");
+    if (useJastAddNames) {
+      // getXs
+      sb.append("get" + nameCapitalized() + "s() {\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "return get" + nameCapitalized() + "List();\n");
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+      // getXList
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "public java.util.List<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> " + getTypeUse().decl());
+      sb.append(".get" + nameCapitalized() + "List() {\n");
+    } else {
+      sb.append(name() + "() {\n");
+    }
+    sb.append(ind(2) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> l = get" + getImplAttributeName() + "();\n");
+    // resolve the entire list
+    if (resolverHelper | serializer) {
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "if (l != null) {\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "boolean changed = false;\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "for (int i = 0; i < l.size(); i++) {\n");
+          sb.append(ind(4) + ofTypeDecl() + " element = l.get(i);\n");
+          sb.append(ind(4) + "if (element.is$Unresolved()) {\n");
+            sb.append(ind(5) + "changed = true;\n");
+            sb.append(ind(5) + ofTypeDecl() + " resolvedElement = resolve" + nameCapitalized() + "ByToken(element.as$Unresolved().getUnresolved$Token(), i);\n");
+            sb.append(ind(5) + "if (element.as$Unresolved().getUnresolved$ResolveOpposite()) {\n");
+              sb.append(ind(6) + getTypeUse().decl() + " oldTarget = resolvedElement." + opposite.getImplAttributeField() + ";\n");
+              sb.append(ind(6) + "if (oldTarget != null && oldTarget != this) {\n");
+                sb.append(ind(7) + "oldTarget." + getImplAttributeField() + ".remove(resolvedElement);\n");
+              sb.append(ind(6) + "}\n");
+              sb.append(ind(6) + "if (oldTarget == this) {\n");
+                sb.append(ind(7) + "l.remove(i);\n");
+                sb.append(ind(7) + "i--;\n");
+              sb.append(ind(6) + "} else {\n");
+                sb.append(ind(7) + "resolvedElement.set" + opposite.getImplAttributeName() + "(this);\n");
+                sb.append(ind(7) + "l.set(i, resolvedElement);\n");
+              sb.append(ind(6) + "}\n");
+            sb.append(ind(5) + "} else {\n");
+              sb.append(ind(6) + "l.set(i, resolvedElement);\n");
+            sb.append(ind(5) + "}\n");
+          sb.append(ind(4) + "}\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "}\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "if (changed) {\n");
+          sb.append(ind(4) + "set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(l);\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "}\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    }
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "return l != null ? Collections.unmodifiableList(l) : Collections.emptyList();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+    // Add
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public void " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".add");
+    if (!useJastAddNames) {
+      sb.append("To");
+    }
+    sb.append(nameCapitalized() + "(" + ofTypeDecl() + " o) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "assertNotNull(o);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "if (o != null && o." + otherSide().getImplAttributeField() + " != null) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> list2 = o."
+      + otherSide().getImplAttributeField() + "." + getImplAttributeField() + ";\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "if (list2.remove(o))\n");
+    sb.append(ind(4) + "o." + otherSide().getImplAttributeField()
+      + ".set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(list2);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> list = " + getImplAttributeField() + ";\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "if (list == null) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "list = new " + ASTNode.listClass + "<>();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "list.add(o);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(list);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "o.set" + otherSide().getImplAttributeName() + "(this);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+    // Insert / add at specific position
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public void " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".add");
+    if (!useJastAddNames) {
+      sb.append("To");
+    }
+    sb.append(nameCapitalized() + "(int index, " + ofTypeDecl() + " o) {\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "assertNotNull(o);\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "if (o != null && o." + otherSide().getImplAttributeField() + " != null) {\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> list2 = o." + otherSide().getImplAttributeField() + "." + getImplAttributeField() + ";\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "if (list2.remove(o))\n");
+          sb.append(ind(4) + "o." + otherSide().getImplAttributeField() + ".set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(list2);\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> list = " + getImplAttributeField() + ";\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "if (list == null) {\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "list = new " + ASTNode.listClass + "<>();\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "list.add(index, o);\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(list);\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "o.set" + otherSide().getImplAttributeName() + "(this);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+    // Remove
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public void " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".remove");
+    if (!useJastAddNames) {
+      sb.append("From");
+    }
+    sb.append(nameCapitalized() + "(" + ofTypeDecl() + " o) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "assertNotNull(o);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> list = " + getImplAttributeField() + ";\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "if (list != null && list.remove(o)) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(list);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "if (o." + otherSide().getImplAttributeField() + " == this) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(4) + "o.set" + otherSide().getImplAttributeName() + "(null);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+  }
+
+  public void RelationComponent.generateBiOneMany(StringBuilder sb, boolean isOpt) {
+    // Get
+    generateGetOne(sb);
+
+    // Set
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public " + getTypeUse().decl() + " " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".set" + nameCapitalized()
+      + "(" + ofTypeDecl() + " o) {\n");
+    if (!isOpt) {
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "assertNotNull(o);\n");
+    }
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "if (" + getImplAttributeField() + " != null) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + getTypeUse().decl() + "> list2 = " + getImplAttributeField()
+      + "." + otherSide().getImplAttributeField() + ";\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "list2.remove(this);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + getImplAttributeField() + "." + "set"
+      + otherSide().getImplAttributeName() + "(list2);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(o);\n");
+
+    int ind = isOpt ? 3 : 2;
+    if (isOpt) {
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "if (o != null) {\n");
+    }
+    sb.append(ind(ind) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + getTypeUse().decl() + "> list = o."
+      + otherSide().getImplAttributeField() + ";\n");
+    sb.append(ind(ind) + "if (list == null) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(ind+1) + "list = new " + ASTNode.listClass + "<>();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(ind) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(ind) + "list.add(this);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(ind) + "o.set" + otherSide().getImplAttributeName() + "(list);\n");
+    if (isOpt) {
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    }
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "return this;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+    if (isOpt) {
+      generateExtraOptAPI(sb);
+    }
+  }
+}

src/main/jastadd/backend/DirectedAPI.jadd

+aspect BackendDirectedAPI {
+  public void RightDirection.generateAPI(StringBuilder sb) {
+    relation().getLeft().generateDirectedAPI(sb);
+  }
+  public void LeftDirection.generateAPI(StringBuilder sb) {
+    relation().getRight().generateDirectedAPI(sb);
+  }
+
+  public abstract void RelationComponent.generateDirectedAPI(StringBuilder sb);
+  public void OneRelationComponent.generateDirectedAPI(StringBuilder sb) {
+    generateDirectedZeroOneAPI(sb, false);
+  }
+  public void OptionalRelationComponent.generateDirectedAPI(StringBuilder sb) {
+    generateDirectedZeroOneAPI(sb, true);
+
+    generateExtraOptAPI(sb);
+  }
+  public void RelationComponent.generateDirectedZeroOneAPI(StringBuilder sb, boolean optional) {
+    // Get
+    generateGetOne(sb);
+
+    // Set
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public " + getTypeUse().decl() + " " + getTypeUse().decl());
+    sb.append(".set" + nameCapitalized() + "(" + ofTypeDecl() + " o) {\n");
+    if (!optional) {
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "assertNotNull(o);\n");
+    }
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(o);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "return this;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+  }
+
+  public void ManyRelationComponent.generateDirectedAPI(StringBuilder sb) {
+    // Get
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public java.util.List<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".");
+    if (useJastAddNames) {
+      // getXs
+      sb.append("get" + nameCapitalized() + "s() {\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "return get" + nameCapitalized() + "List();\n");
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+      // getXList
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "public java.util.List<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> " + getTypeUse().decl());
+      sb.append(".get" + nameCapitalized() + "List() {\n");
+    } else {
+      sb.append(name() + "() {\n");
+    }
+    sb.append(ind(2) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> l = get" + getImplAttributeName() + "();\n");
+    // resolve the entire list
+    if (resolverHelper | serializer) {
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "if (l != null) {\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "boolean changed = false;\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "for (int i = 0; i < l.size(); i++) {\n");
+          sb.append(ind(4) + ofTypeDecl() + " element = l.get(i);\n");
+          sb.append(ind(4) + "if (element.is$Unresolved()) {\n");
+            sb.append(ind(5) + "changed = true;\n");
+            sb.append(ind(5) + ofTypeDecl() + " resolvedElement = resolve" + nameCapitalized() + "ByToken(element.as$Unresolved().getUnresolved$Token(), i);\n");
+            sb.append(ind(5) + "l.set(i, resolvedElement);\n");
+          sb.append(ind(4) + "}\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "}\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "if (changed) {\n");
+          sb.append(ind(4) + "set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(l);\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "}\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    }
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "return l != null ? Collections.unmodifiableList(l) : Collections.emptyList();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+    // Add
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public void " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".add");
+    if (!useJastAddNames) {
+      sb.append("To");
+    }
+    sb.append(nameCapitalized() + "(" + ofTypeDecl() + " o) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "assertNotNull(o);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> list = " + getImplAttributeField() + ";\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "if (list == null) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "list = new " + ASTNode.listClass + "<>();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "list.add(o);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(list);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+    // Insert / add at specific position
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public void " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".add");
+    if (!useJastAddNames) {
+      sb.append("To");
+    }
+    sb.append(nameCapitalized() + "(int index, " + ofTypeDecl() + " o) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "assertNotNull(o);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> list = " + getImplAttributeField() + ";\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "if (list == null) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "list = new " + ASTNode.listClass + "<>();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "list.add(index, o);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(list);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+    // Remove
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public void " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".remove");
+    if (!useJastAddNames) {
+      sb.append("From");
+    }
+    sb.append(nameCapitalized() + "(" + ofTypeDecl() + " o) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "assertNotNull(o);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + ASTNode.listClass + "<" + ofTypeDecl() + "> list = " + getImplAttributeField() + ";\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "if (list != null && list.remove(o)) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(list);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+  }
+
+  public void RelationComponent.generateGetOne(StringBuilder sb) {
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public " + ofTypeDecl() + " " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".");
+    if (useJastAddNames) {
+      sb.append("get" + nameCapitalized());
+    } else {
+      sb.append(name());
+    }
+    sb.append("() {\n");
+    if (resolverHelper | serializer) {
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "if (" + getImplAttributeField() + " != null && " + getImplAttributeField() + ".is$Unresolved()) {\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "if (" + getImplAttributeField() + ".as$Unresolved().getUnresolved$ResolveOpposite()) {\n");
+          sb.append(ind(4) + "set" + nameCapitalized() + "(resolve" + nameCapitalized() + "ByToken(" + getImplAttributeField() + ".as$Unresolved().getUnresolved$Token()));\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "} else {\n");
+          sb.append(ind(4) + "set" + getImplAttributeName() + "(resolve" + nameCapitalized() + "ByToken(" + getImplAttributeField() + ".as$Unresolved().getUnresolved$Token()));\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "}\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    }
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "return get" + getImplAttributeName() + "();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+  }
+
+  public void RelationComponent.generateExtraOptAPI(StringBuilder sb) {
+    // has
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public boolean " + getTypeUse().decl());
+    sb.append(".has" + nameCapitalized() + "() {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "return ");
+    if (useJastAddNames) {
+      sb.append("get" + nameCapitalized());
+    } else {
+      sb.append(name());
+    }
+    sb.append("() != null;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+    // clear
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public void " + getTypeUse().decl());
+    sb.append(".clear" + nameCapitalized() + "() {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "set" + nameCapitalized() + "(null);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+  }
+}

src/main/jastadd/backend/LowerBoundCheck.jadd

+aspect LowerBoundCheck {
+  public void Program.generateLowerBoundCheck(StringBuilder sb) {
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public boolean ASTNode.violatesLowerBounds() {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "return !getLowerBoundsViolations().isEmpty();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public java.util.List<Pair<ASTNode, String>> "
+      + "ASTNode.getLowerBoundsViolations() {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "ArrayList<Pair<ASTNode, String>> list = new ArrayList<>();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "computeLowerBoundsViolations(list);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "return list;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public void ASTNode.computeLowerBoundsViolations("
+      + "java.util.List<Pair<ASTNode, String>> list) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "for (int i = 0; i < getNumChildNoTransform(); i++) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "getChildNoTransform(i).computeLowerBoundsViolations(list);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+    for (TypeDecl td: getTypeDecls()) {
+      td.generateLowerBoundCheck(sb);
+    }
+
+    generatePairClass(sb);
+  }
+
+  public void TypeDecl.generateLowerBoundCheck(StringBuilder sb) {
+    if (!oneRelationComponents().isEmpty()) {
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "public void " + getID() + ".computeLowerBoundsViolations(" +
+        "java.util.List<Pair<ASTNode, String>> list) {\n");
+      for (OneRelationComponent o: oneRelationComponents()) {
+        o.generateLowerBoundCheck(sb);
+      }
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "super.computeLowerBoundsViolations(list);\n");
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void OneRelationComponent.generateLowerBoundCheck(StringBuilder sb) {
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "if (");
+    if (useJastAddNames) {
+      sb.append("get" + nameCapitalized());
+    } else {
+      sb.append(name());
+    }
+    sb.append("() == null) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "list.add(new Pair<>(this, \"" + name() + "\"));\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+  }
+
+
+  public void Program.generatePairClass(StringBuilder sb) {
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public class Pair<T1, T2> {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "public final T1 _1;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "public final T2 _2;\n");
+    // Constructor
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "public Pair(T1 _1, T2 _2) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "ASTNode.assertNotNull(_1);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "ASTNode.assertNotNull(_2);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "this._1 = _1;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "this._2 = _2;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    // equals
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "public boolean equals(Object other) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "if (other instanceof Pair) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(4) + "Pair<?,?> p = (Pair<?,?>) other;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(4) + "return _1.equals(p._1) && _2.equals(p._2);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "} else {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(4) + "return false;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    // hashCode
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "public int hashCode() {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(3) + "return 31*_1.hashCode() + _2.hashCode();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+  }
+}

src/main/jastadd/backend/NameResolution.jadd

+aspect NameResolutionHelper {
+
+  public String Program.generateRewriteToSuperTypeStub() {
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    generateRewriteToSuperTypeStub(sb);
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+
+  public String Program.generateResolverStubs() {
+    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+    generateResolverStubs(sb);
+    return sb.toString();
+  }
+
+  public void Program.generateResolverStubs(StringBuilder sb) {
+    sb.append("aspect RefResolverStubs {\n\n");
+
+    for (Relation r: getRelations()) {
+      r.generateContextDependentNameResolution(sb);
+    }
+
+    if (resolverHelper || ASTNode.jsonPointer || ASTNode.manualReferences) {
+      for (TypeDecl decl : getTypeDeclList()) {
+        decl.generateContextIndependentNameResolution(sb);
+        sb.append("\n");
+      }
+    }
+    sb.append("}\n\n");
+
+    if (ASTNode.manualReferences) {
+      sb.append("aspect RefCreatorStubs {\n\n");
+
+      for (Relation r: getRelations()) {
+        r.generateContextDependentRefCreation(sb);
+      }
+
+      generateGenericRefCreation(sb);
+      sb.append("\n");
+
+      for (TypeDecl decl : getTypeDeclList()) {
+        decl.generateContextIndependentRefCreation(sb);
+        sb.append("\n");
+      }
+
+      sb.append("}\n\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void Program.generateGenericRefCreation(StringBuilder sb) {
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "// generic reference creation\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "syn String ASTNode.createReference();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "eq ASTNode.createReference() {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "throw new RuntimeException(\"Generic reference creation not implemented.\");\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+  }
+
+  public void Relation.generateContextDependentRefCreation(StringBuilder sb) {
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "// " + prettyPrint() + "\n");
+    getDirection().generateContextDependentRefCreation(sb);
+    sb.append("\n");
+  }
+
+  public abstract void Direction.generateContextDependentRefCreation(StringBuilder sb);
+  public void RightDirection.generateContextDependentRefCreation(StringBuilder sb) {
+    relation().getLeft().generateContextDependentRefCreation(sb);
+  }
+  public void LeftDirection.generateContextDependentRefCreation(StringBuilder sb) {
+    relation().getRight().generateContextDependentRefCreation(sb);
+  }
+  public void Bidirectional.generateContextDependentRefCreation(StringBuilder sb) {
+    relation().getLeft().generateContextDependentRefCreation(sb);
+    relation().getRight().generateContextDependentRefCreation(sb);
+  }
+
+  public void RelationComponent.generateContextDependentRefCreation(StringBuilder sb) {
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "// context-dependent reference creation\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "syn String " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".createRefTo" + nameCapitalized() + "(" + ofTypeDecl() + " target) {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "// default to context-independent reference creation\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "return target.createReference();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+  }
+
+  public void TypeDecl.generateContextIndependentRefCreation(StringBuilder sb) {
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "// context-independent reference creation\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "eq " + getID() + ".createReference() {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "// default to generic reference creation\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "return super.createReference();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+  }
+
+  public void Program.generateRewriteToSuperTypeStub(StringBuilder sb) {
+
+    sb.append("aspect ReferenceCreation {\n\n");
+
+    for (TypeDecl decl : getTypeDeclList()) {
+      decl.createReferenceCreator(sb);
+    }
+
+    sb.append("}\n\n");
+
+    sb.append("aspect ResolverTrigger {\n\n");
+
+    resolveAll(sb);
+
+    for (TypeDecl decl : getTypeDeclList()) {
+      decl.resolveAll(sb);
+    }
+
+    sb.append("}\n\n");
+
+    sb.append("aspect RefResolverHelpers {\n\n");
+
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "interface Unresolved$Node {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "String getUnresolved$Token();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(2) + "boolean getUnresolved$ResolveOpposite();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n\n");
+
+    for (TypeDecl td: getTypeDecls()) {
+      if (td.needUnresolvedClass()) {
+        td.generateUnresolvedClass(sb);
+      }
+    }
+
+    sb.append("\n}\n");
+  }
+
+  public void TypeDecl.createReferenceCreator(StringBuilder sb) {
+
+    TypeDecl instantiableSubType = instantiableSubType();
+    if (instantiableSubType == null) {
+      throw new RuntimeException("unable to find instantiable subtype for " + getID());
+    }
+
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public static " + getID() + " " + getID() + ".createRef(String ref) {\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "Unresolved$" + instantiableSubType.getID() + " unresolvedNode = new Unresolved$" + instantiableSubType.getID() + "();\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "unresolvedNode.setUnresolved$Token(ref);\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "unresolvedNode.setUnresolved$ResolveOpposite(true);\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "return unresolvedNode;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public static " + getID() + " " + getID() + ".createRefDirection(String ref) {\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "Unresolved$" + instantiableSubType.getID() + " unresolvedNode = new Unresolved$" + instantiableSubType.getID() + "();\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "unresolvedNode.setUnresolved$Token(ref);\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "unresolvedNode.setUnresolved$ResolveOpposite(false);\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "return unresolvedNode;\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+  }
+
+  public void TypeDecl.generateContextIndependentNameResolution(StringBuilder sb) {
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "// context-independent name resolution\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "uncache ASTNode.globallyResolve" + getID() + "ByToken(String id);\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "syn " + getID() + " ASTNode.globallyResolve" + getID() + "ByToken(String id) {\n");
+    if (serializer && !manualReferences) {
+      if (jsonPointer) {
+        sb.append(ind(2) + "return (" + getID() + ") resolveJsonPointer(id);\n");
+      } else {
+        sb.append(ind(2) + "return (" + getID() + ") globallyResolveASTNodeByUID(id);\n");
+      }
+    } else {
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "// perform context independent name resolution here using the id\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "throw new RuntimeException(\"Context-independent name resolution for " + getID() + " not implemented.\");\n");
+    }
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+  }
+
+  public void Relation.generateContextDependentNameResolution(StringBuilder sb) {
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "// " + prettyPrint() + "\n");
+    getDirection().generateContextDependentNameResolution(sb);
+    sb.append("\n");
+  }
+
+  public abstract void Direction.generateContextDependentNameResolution(StringBuilder sb);
+  public void RightDirection.generateContextDependentNameResolution(StringBuilder sb) {
+    relation().getLeft().generateContextDependentNameResolution(sb);
+  }
+  public void LeftDirection.generateContextDependentNameResolution(StringBuilder sb) {
+    relation().getRight().generateContextDependentNameResolution(sb);
+  }
+  public void Bidirectional.generateContextDependentNameResolution(StringBuilder sb) {
+    relation().getLeft().generateContextDependentNameResolution(sb);
+    relation().getRight().generateContextDependentNameResolution(sb);
+  }
+
+  public abstract void RelationComponent.generateContextDependentNameResolution(StringBuilder sb);
+  public void OneRelationComponent.generateContextDependentNameResolution(StringBuilder sb) {
+    generateDirectedContextDependentNameResolution(sb);
+  }
+  public void OptionalRelationComponent.generateContextDependentNameResolution(StringBuilder sb) {
+    // optional relations are resolved in the same way as mandatory relations
+    // TODO maybe, there should be a check if the id to be solved is empty or null
+    generateDirectedContextDependentNameResolution(sb);
+  }
+  public void ManyRelationComponent.generateContextDependentNameResolution(StringBuilder sb) {
+
+    if (serializer && !resolverHelper) {
+      sb.append(ind(1) + ofTypeDecl() + " " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".resolve" + nameCapitalized() + "ByToken(String id, int position) {\n");
+        sb.append(ind(2) + "return (" + ofTypeDecl() + ") globallyResolveASTNodeByUID(id);\n");
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+    } else {
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "// context-dependent name resolution\n");
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "uncache " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".resolve" + nameCapitalized() + "ByToken(String id, int position);\n");
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "syn " + ofTypeDecl() + " " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".resolve" + nameCapitalized() + "ByToken(String id, int position) {\n");
+        sb.append(ind(2) + "// default to context-independent name resolution\n");
+        sb.append(ind(2) + "return globallyResolve" + ofTypeDecl() + "ByToken(id);\n");
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void RelationComponent.generateDirectedContextDependentNameResolution(StringBuilder sb) {
+    if (serializer && !resolverHelper) {
+      sb.append(ind(1) + ofTypeDecl() + " " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".resolve" + nameCapitalized() + "ByToken(String id) {\n");
+        sb.append(ind(2) + "return (" + ofTypeDecl() + ") globallyResolveASTNodeByUID(id);\n");
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+    } else {
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "// context-dependent name resolution\n");
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "uncache " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".resolve" + nameCapitalized() + "ByToken(String id);\n");
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "syn " + ofTypeDecl() + " " + getTypeUse().decl() + ".resolve" + nameCapitalized() + "ByToken(String id) {\n");
+        sb.append(ind(2) + "// default to context-independent name resolution\n");
+        sb.append(ind(2) + "return globallyResolve" + ofTypeDecl() + "ByToken(id);\n");
+      sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+    }
+  }
+
+  public void Program.resolveAll(StringBuilder sb) {
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "// enforce resolving of all non-containment relations of the current non-terminal\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public void ASTNode.resolveAll() {\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n\n");
+
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "// enforce resolving in the entire subtree\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public void ASTNode.treeResolveAll() {\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "if (children != null) {\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "for (int i = 0; i < numChildren; ++i) {\n");
+          sb.append(ind(4) + "ASTNode child = children[i];\n");
+          sb.append(ind(4) + "if (child != null) {\n");
+            sb.append(ind(5) + "child.treeResolveAll();\n");
+          sb.append(ind(4) + "}\n");
+        sb.append(ind(3) + "}\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "}\n");
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "resolveAll();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+  }
+
+  public void TypeDecl.resolveAll(StringBuilder sb) {
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "// enforce resolving of all non-containment relations of the current non-terminal\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "public void " + getID() + ".resolveAll() {\n");
+    for (RelationComponent relationComponent : relationComponents()) {
+      sb.append(ind(2));
+      if (useJastAddNames) {
+        sb.append("get" + relationComponent.nameCapitalized());
+      } else {
+        sb.append(relationComponent.name());
+      }
+      sb.append(relationComponent.isMany() && useJastAddNames ? "List" : "").append("();\n");
+    }
+      sb.append(ind(2) + "super.resolveAll();\n");
+    sb.append(ind(1) + "}\n");
+  }
+}

src/main/jastadd/backend/PrettyPrinting.jadd

+aspect PrettyPrinting {
+  public String Relation.prettyPrint() {
+    return "rel "
+      + getLeft().prettyPrint() + " "
+      + getDirection().prettyPrint() + " "
+      + getRight().prettyPrint();
+  }
+  public String RelationComponent.prettyPrint() {
+    if (getID().isEmpty()) {
+      return getTypeUse().toString();
+    } else {
+      return getTypeUse() + "." +  getID();
+    }
+  }
+  public String OptionalRelationComponent.prettyPrint() {
+    return super.prettyPrint() + "?";
+  }
+  public String ManyRelationComponent.prettyPrint() {
+    return super.prettyPrint() + "*";
+  }
+  abstract public String Direction.prettyPrint();
+  public String RightDirection.prettyPrint() {
+    return "->";
+  }
+  public String LeftDirection.prettyPrint() {
+    return "<-";
+  }
+  public String Bidirectional.prettyPrint() {
+    return "<->";
+  }
+
+}
+
+aspect Utils {
+  public String ASTNode.ind(int n) {
+    String s = "";
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+      s += "  ";
+    }
+    return s;
+  }
+}